A Three-Dimensional Body Force Modeling of Fans in Windmilling Condition and Its Application

To investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of fan in windmilling conditions, a new body force model with rotational speed prediction was developed. The built based on balance output torque and resistance torque. spool can be iteratively solved simultaneously solving governing equations without requiring mass flow rate or other inputs. comparison experimental results shows that using accurately predict under different operating conditions. radial distribution parameters obtained. Moreover, numerical simulations circumferential total pressure distortion inflow conditions were conducted model. show that, unlike design point non-design at which operates normally, high radius region is “turbine mode” while low “compressor effects longitudinal vortex two regions deepen alleviate distortion, respectively. There are strong gradients junction distortion-affected zone non-distortion-affected zone, adding additional mixing losses.